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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 238-249.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00078

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青海湖高寒生态脆弱区旅游生态安全时空变化特征及障碍因子

季海瑞1(), 陈晓良3, 李啟霞2   

  1. 1.青海师范大学,经济管理学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.青海师范大学,地理科学学院,青海 西宁 810016
    3.青海民族大学 旅游学院/青海省旅游文化研究所,青海 西宁 810007
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-18 修回日期:2026-05-08 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 作者简介:季海瑞(1991—), 女, 青海西宁人, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事青藏高原旅游经济和生态旅游研究。E-mail: 1002171365@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅基础研究青年项目(2022-ZJ-954Q)

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and obstacle factors of tourism ecological security in the alpine ecologically fragile area of Qinghai Lake

Hairui Ji1(), Xiaoliang Chen3, Qixia Li2   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management /, Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China
    2.School of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China
    3.School of Tourism/Qinghai Tourism and Culture Research Institute,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China
  • Received:2026-03-18 Revised:2026-05-08 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27

摘要:

在建设生态文明与打造国际生态旅游目的地背景下,高寒生态脆弱区旅游生态安全水平已成为衡量区域人地系统可持续发展的重要指标。本文以青海湖地区为研究对象,基于DPSIR框架构建评价指标体系,采用熵权-TOPSIS法对2005—2024年区域旅游生态安全水平进行动态测度,并运用障碍度模型识别制约其安全水平提升的主要因子。结果表明:(1)2005—2024年青海湖地区旅游生态安全指数呈显著上升趋势,经历了低位波动、稳步提升、阶段跃升的发展过程,系统协调性不断增强。(2)空间格局上,区域内县域间的旅游生态安全差异逐渐缩小,呈现出由初期明显的空间非均衡性向整体提升、均衡收敛的态势转变。(3)从系统结构看,生态状态与响应子系统的改善最为显著,生态环境质量的稳步提升构成了旅游生态安全的核心支撑。(4)障碍因子方面,旅游总收入占地区生产总值比重、旅游总收入、游客接待强度、居民收入带动效应及人口集聚压力是制约该区域旅游生态安全水平进一步跃升的主要因素。研究结果可为高寒生态脆弱区优化旅游开发模式、制定差异化生态保护政策提供科学依据与决策参考。

关键词: 旅游生态安全, 高寒生态脆弱区, DPSIR模型, 障碍因子, 青海湖地区

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of advancing ecological civilization and establishing international eco-tourism destinations, evaluating tourism ecological security has emerged as a key benchmark for gauging the sustainable development of human-environment systems in high-altitude cold ecologically vulnerable areas. Taking the Qinghai Lake region as the research object, this paper constructs an evaluation index system based on the DPSIR framework. The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method is employed to dynamically measure the level of tourism ecological security from 2005 to 2024, and the obstacle degree model is utilized to identify the primary factors restricting its improvement. The results indicate that: (1) From 2005 to 2024, the tourism ecological security index of the Qinghai Lake region showed a significant upward trend, undergoing a developmental process characterized by low-level fluctuation, steady improvement, and stage-wise leap, with the system's coordination continuously enhancing. (2) In terms of spatial patterns, the disparities in tourism ecological security among counties have gradually narrowed, shifting from initial spatial non-equilibrium toward a trend of overall improvement and balanced convergence. (3) From the perspective of system structure, the status and response subsystems exhibited the most significant improvements, with the steady enhancement of ecological environment quality forming the core support for tourism ecological security. (4) Regarding obstacle factors, the proportion of total tourism revenue in regional GDP, the scale of total tourism revenue, tourist reception intensity, the driving effect on resident income, and population aggregation pressure are the main bottlenecks restricting further leaps in regional tourism ecological security. The findings provide a scientific basis and decision-making reference for optimizing tourism development models and formulating differentiated ecological protection policies in high-altitude cold ecologically vulnerable areas.

Key words: tourism ecological security, high-altitude cold ecologically vulnerable area, DPSIR model, obstacle factor, Qinghai Lake region

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